Primary Sources and Secondary Sources

Primary sources

  • Provide firsthand information in the original words of the creator or eye witness.
  • Include creative works, for example: poetry, drama, novels, music, art, films
  • Include original documents, for example: interviews, diaries, speeches, letters, minutes, film footage
  • Include reports of original research and ideas, for example: statistical data, case studies, conference papers, technical reports and research papers published in scholarly journals

Secondary sources

  • Provide information reviewing, evaluating, analyzing or interpreting primary sources
  • Include criticism and interpretation of creative works
  • Include interpretations of original documents, for example: biographies, historical analyses, textbooks and encyclopedia articles
  • Include summaries and reviews of scholarly findings, for example review articles, textbooks, encyclopedia articles and popular magazine articles

See also Peer Review and Scholary Journals.

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Last updated in Sping 2003
Created and maintained by Miao Hong
Contact hongm@marywood.edu,
Marywood University Library